Afbeeldinge van de Stadt Amsterdam in Nieuw Neederlandt (Picture of the City of Amsterdam in New Netherland)

Commonly known as the Castello Plan, this is the earliest known map of New York City. The original plan, which no longer survives, was drawn in 1660 by Jacques Cortelyou, the surveyor general of New Netherland in the employ of the GWC (Dutch West India Company). Around 1665 an unknown draftsman made a manuscript copy of the map, which the cartographer Joan Blaeu (1596–1673) bound into an atlas and sold to Cosimo III de’ Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, in 1667. It resurfaced more than 200 years later, in 1900, at Villa di Castello, from which the map’s name derives. The Library’s copy is an early 20th-century full-size photographic reproduction of the manuscript, which is now preserved at the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana in Florence, Italy.